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Planck Time to the Age of the Universe |
More articles (working-drafts): |
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PLEASE NOTE: This particular page was started early in December 2014; however, the work on the Planck Length began in December 2011. We are still finding simple errors within the chart below, so this page will be subject to frequent updates. Perhaps it goes without saying… as you read this note, I appeal to you to ask questions and make comments and suggestions. Thank you. –Bruce Camber Why this chart was finally initiated: We were responding to a de facto challenge from Stefan Vandoren, a co-author of Time in Powers of Ten. When I asked about doing his chart in base-2, he wrote, “A base-2 variation of the book would probably increase the book length by a factor of thousand, as well as our writing time, so powers of ten was just fine for us.” Base-2 is 3.33 times more granular than base-10 and it mimics nature. There is a special magic in multiplying by 2. Since doing the base-2 chart of the Planck Length in December 2011, we’ve asked several people if they had seen the base-2 progression from the Planck Time to the Age of the Universe. Nobody had. Because we could not find such a comparison (between the progressions from the Planck Time and the Planck Length using base-2 exponential notation through the successive doublings out to their given limits, i.e. the Age of the Universe and the Observable Universe respectively), we offer this chart for your analysis now. Our next step is to do the simple math for each of the Planck Units to see what we can see. These doublings do kind-of, sort-of end up somewhat in synch. Considering the duration and the length, and the nature of very large measurements, for all intents and purposes, they are synched! Though these charts will be tweaked substantially, the best confirmation is at the notations (or doublings) that define a day in Planck Time units correspond closely to distance light travels in a day in Planck Length units. And, the doublings within the Planck Time column for the definition of a week correspond closely with the distance light travels in a week within the Planck Length column. And, finally, the doublings in the Planck Time column that define a year correspond closely with the distance light travels within a year in the Planck Length column. These are the first baby steps of analysis. How many hundreds of steps are there to go to discern all the faces of its meaning? Who knows? From here, we will continue to look to see what meaning and relation evolves at a particular notation where one column appears to impart value to the other. Just on the surface, this chart seems to suggest that there are other possible views of the nature of space and time where order (sequence), continuity, symmetries, and relations seem to play a more fundamental role. Science and our common sense worldview assume the primordial nature of space and time. As a result of our work with the Planck Units, we hold that conclusion up for further inspection. How do things appear as one begins to approach the Planck Length and Planck Time in synch? As we add more Planck Units to this chart, what else might we see? What might we learn? So, we will add mass, electric charge, and temperature to these listings. And then, we’ll add the derived Planck Units (12) and then ask, “Is there anything more we can do to establish a range from the smallest to the largest? What might a comparative analysis at each doubling reveal to us? At this point, we are attempting to learn enough to make a few somewhat intelligent guesses. So, as a result of where we are today, I think it is okay to ask the question, “What would the universe look like if space and time were derivative of order-continuity and relation-symmetry, and of ratios where the subject-object are constantly in tension?” By the way, on May 10, 2010, the very smallest unit of measured time was experimentally demonstrated; the result was 1.2 × 10−17 seconds. That is a long way from 10−44 seconds! For more background, see: http://phys.org/news192909576.html This stream of consciousness continues at the very bottom of this chart. |
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Planck Time Doublings: Primarily in Seconds |
Planck Length Doublings: Primarily in Meters |
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204 |
The Age of the Universe: 13.78 to 13.8 billion years |
8.310×1026 m or Future Universe |
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203 |
It appears that we are in the earliest part of 201st doubling:1019 |
4.155×1026 m or Near Future Universe |
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202 |
6.9309178×1018 seconds (21.9777+ billion years)18 |
2.077×1026 m or in the range of the Observable Universe |
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201 |
346,545,888,147,200,000 seconds (10.9888+ billion years) |
1.03885326×1026 m approaching the Observable Universe |
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200 18 |
173,272,944,073,600,000 seconds (5.49444+ billion years) |
5.19426632×1025 m |
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199 |
86,636,472,036,800,000 seconds (2.747+ billion years) |
2.59713316×1025 m |
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198 |
43,318,236,018,400,000 seconds (1.3736+ billion years) |
1.29856658×1025 m |
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197 |
21,659,118,009,200,000 seconds (686.806+ million years) 17 |
6.49283305×1024 m |
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196 |
10,829,559,004,600,000 seconds (342.4+ million years) |
3.24641644×1024 m |
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195 |
5,414,779,502,320,000 seconds (171.2+ million years) |
1.62320822×1024 m |
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194 |
2,707,389,751,160,000 seconds (85.6+ million years) |
8.11604112×1023 m |
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193 |
1,353,694,875,580,000 seconds (42.8+ million years) |
4.05802056×1023 m |
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192 |
676,847,437,792,000 seconds (21.4+ million years) |
2.02901033×1023 m |
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191 |
338,423,718,896,000 seconds (10.724+ million years) |
1.01450514×1023 m |
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19015 18914 18814 18714 18614 18513 18413 18313 18212 18112 |
169,211,859,448,000 seconds (5.3+ million years) 15 84,605,929,724,000 seconds (2.6+ million years) 14 42,302,964,862,000 seconds (1.3+ million years) 14 21,151,482,431,000 seconds (640+ thousand years) 14 10,575,741,215,500 seconds (320+ thousand years) 14 5,287,870,607,760 seconds (160+ thousand years) 13 2,643,935,303,880 seconds (83.7+ thousand years) 13 1,321,967,651,940 seconds (41.8+ thousand years) 13 660,983,825,972 seconds (20.9+ thousand years) 12 330,491,912,986 seconds (or about 10,472.9 years) 12 |
5.07252568×1022 m 2.53626284×1022 m 1.26813145 x1022 m 6.34065727×1021 m 3.17032864×1021 m or 3 Zettameters or 310,000 ly 1.58516432×1021 m or about 150,000 ly (1.5z) 7.92582136×1020 m 3.96291068×1020 m 1.981455338×1020 m 9.90727664×1019 meters |
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18012 17911 17811 17711 17611 17510 17410 17310 1729 171. 9 |
165,245,956,493 seconds 12 82,622,978,246.4 seconds 11 41,311,489,123.2 seconds 11 20,655,744,561.6 seconds 11 10,327,872,280.8 seconds 11 5,163,936,140.4 seconds 10 2,581,968,070.2 seconds 10 1,290,984,035.1 seconds 10 645,492,017.552 seconds 9 322,746,008.776 seconds 9 |
4.95363832×1019 m 2.47681916×1019 m 1.23840958×1019 m 6.19204792×1018 m 3.09602396×1018 m 1.54801198×1018 m 7.74005992×1017 m 3.87002996×1017 m 1.93501504 x1017 m 9.67507488×1016 m |
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1709 1698 1688 1678 1668 1657 1647 1637 1626 1616 |
161,373,004.388 seconds 9 80,686,502.194 seconds 8 40,343,251.097 sec 8(466 days)(Note: 31,536,000 s/year) 20,171,625.5485 seconds (233.468 days)8 10,085,812.7742 seconds (116.73 days)8 5,042,906.38712 seconds (58.36+)107 2,521,453.19356 s (29.1835 days) 1,260,726.59678 s (14.59+ days) 107 630,363.29839 s (7.29+ days) 106 315,181.649195 seconds (3.64794 days) 106 |
4.83753744×1016 m 2.41876872×1016 m 1.20938436×1016 m 6.0469218×1015 m [one light year (ly) is 9.4×1015 m] 3.0234609×1015 m 1.5117305×1015 m 7.55865224×1014 m 3.77932612×1014 m 1.88966306×1014 m (about 7-day light travel) 9.44831528×1013 m |
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1606 1595 1585 1575 1564 1554 1544 1534 1523 1513 |
157,590.824598 s (1.82 days)106 78,795.4122988 s (.911984 days) 105 39,397.7061494 seconds 105 19,698.8530747 seconds 105 9849.42653735 seconds 104 4924.71326867 seconds(3600 s in hour)104 2462.35663434 seconds 104 1231.17831717 seconds104 615.589158584 seconds (10.259+ minutes)103 307.794579292 seconds 103 |
4.72415764×1013 m 2.36207882×1013 m (or close to 24-hour light travel) 1.18103945×1013 m 5.90519726×1012 m 2.95259863×1012 m 1.47629931×1012 m 738,149,657 kilometers 1011 369,074,829 kilometers 1011 184,537,414 kilometers 1011 92,268,707.1 kilometers (range of earth-to-sun)1010m |
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1503 1492 1482 1472 1461 1451 1441 1431 142−1 141−1 |
153.897289646 seconds 103 76.948644823 s (16+ sec over 1 min) 102 38.4743224115 s (21.53 sec to 1 min) 102 19.2371612058 seconds 9.61858060288 seconds 4.80929030144 seconds 10? 2.40464515072 seconds 10? 1.20232257536 s (1s ≠ perfect tp multiple) 10? 6.0116128768×10−1 seconds 3.0058064384×10−1 seconds |
46,134,353.6 kilometers 1010 23,067,176.8 kilometers 1010 11,533,588.4 kilometers 1010 5,766,794.2 kilometers 109 2,883,397.1 kilometers 109 1,441,698.55 kilometers 109 m 720,849.264 kilometers 108 360,424.632 kilometers108 m 180,212.316 kilometers (111,979+ miles)108 m 90,106.158 kilometers 107 m |
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140−1 139−2 138−2 137−2 136−2 135−3 134−3 133−3 132−4 131−4 |
1.5029032192×10−1 seconds 7.514516096×10−2 seconds 3.757258048 × 10−2 seconds 1.878629024 × 10−2 seconds 9.39314512 × 10−3 seconds 4.69657256 × 10−3 seconds 2.34828628 × 10−3 seconds 1.174143145978 × 10−3 seconds 5.8707157335 × 10−4 seconds 2.93535786675 × 10−4 seconds |
45,053.079 kilometers 107 22,526.5398 kilometers 107 11,263.2699 kilometers or about 7000 miles 5631.63496 kilometers 106 2815.81748 kilometers 106 1407.90874 kilometers (about 874 miles )106m 703.954368 kilometers 105 351.977184 kilometers (218.7 miles 105 175.988592 kilometers (109.35 miles )105 87.994296 kilometers 104 |
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130−4 129−5 128−5 127−5 126−5 125−6 124−6 123−6 122−7 121−7 |
1.46767893338 × 10−4 s 7.33839466688 × 10−5s 3.66919733344 × 10−5 s 1.83459866672× 10−5 s 9.1729933336 × 10−6 s 4.5864966668 × 10−6 s 2.2932483334 × 10−6 s 1.1466241667 × 10−6 s 5.73312083348 × 10−7 s 2.86656041674 × 10−7 s |
43.997148 kilometers 104 21.998574 kilometers104 10.999287 kilometers or within 6.83464 miles104 5.49964348 kilometers 103 2.74982174 kilometers 103 1.37491087 kilometers 103 687.455439 meters 102 343.72772 meters or about 1128 feet 102 171.86386 meters or about 563 feet 102 85.9319296 meters 101 |
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120−7 119−8 118−8 117−8 116−9 115−9 114−9 113−9 112−10 111−10 |
1.43328020837 × 10−7 s 7.16640104186 × 10−8 s 3.58320052093 × 10−8 s 1.79160026046 × 10−8 seconds 8.95800130232 × 10−9 seconds 4.47900065116 × 10−9 seconds 2.23950032558 × 10−9 seconds 1.11975016279 × 10−9 seconds 5.59875081396 × 10−10 seconds 2.79937540698 × 10−10 seconds |
42.9659648 meters 101 21.4829824 meters 101 10.7414912 meters or 35.24 feet or 1.074×101 m100 5.3707456 meters 100 2.6853728 meters or 105.723 inches 100 1.3426864 meters or 52.86 inches 100 67.1343176 cm (19.68+ inches or 6.71×10-1 33.5671588 centimeters or 3.356×10-1 m 16.7835794 centimeters or 1.6783×10-1 8.39178968 cm (3.3+ inches or 8.39×10-2 m |
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110−10 109−11 108−11 107−11 106−12 105−12 104−12 103−12 102−13 101−13 |
1.39968770349 × 10−10 seconds 6.99843851744 × 10−11 seconds 3.49921925872 × 10−11 seconds 1.74960962936 × 10−11 seconds 8.7480481468 × 10−12 seconds 4.3740240734 × 10−12 seconds 2.1870120367 ×10−12 seconds 1.09350601835 ×10−12 seconds 5.46753009176 ×10−13 seconds 2.73376504588 × 10−13 seconds |
4.19589484 centimeters 4.19589484×10-2 m 2.09794742 centimeters or 2.0979×10-2 m 1.04897 centimeters or 1.04897375×10-2 m 5.24486856 mm (about 1/4 inch) or 5.24×10-3 m 2.62243428 millimeters or 2.62243428×10-3 m 1.31121714 millimeters 1.31121714×10-3 m .655608568 millimeters or 6.55608568×10-4 m .327804284 millimeter or 3.27804284 x10-4 m .163902142 millimeters or 1.63902142×10-4 m 81.9510712 microns or 81.9510712 x10-5 m |
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100−13 99−14 98−14 97−14 96−15 95−15 94−15 93−15 92−16 91−16 |
1.36688252294 × 10−13 seconds 6.83441261472 × 10−14 seconds 3.41720630736 × 10−14 seconds 1.70860315368 × 10−14 seconds 8.5430157684 × 10−15 seconds 4.2715078842 × 10−15 seconds 2.1357539421 × 10−15 seconds 1.06787697105 × 10−15 seconds 5.33938485524 × 10−16 seconds 2.66969242762 × 10−16 seconds |
40.9755356 microns or 4.09755356 x10-5 m 20.4877678 microns or 2.04877678×10-5 m 10.2438839 microns or 1.02438839×10-5 m 5.12194196 microns (.0002+ inches or 5.12×10-6 m 2.56097098 microns or 2.56097098×10-6 m 1.28048549 microns or 1.2804854×10-6 m 640.242744 nanometers 6.40242744×10-7 m 320.121372 nanometers 3.20121372×10-7 m 160.060686 nanometers or 1.60×10-7 m 80.0303432 nanometers or 8.00×10-8 m |
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90−16 89−17 88−17 87−17 86−18 85−18 84−18 83−18 82−192 81−192 |
1.33484621381 × 10−16 seconds 6.67423106904 × 10−17 seconds 3.33711553452 × 10−17 seconds 1.66855776726 × 10−17 seconds (smallest measurement – 2010) 8.34278883632 × 10−18 seconds 4.17139441816 × 10−18 seconds 2.08569720908 × 10−18 seconds 1.04284860454 × 10−18 seconds 5.21424302272 × 10−19 seconds 2.60712151136 × 10−19 seconds |
40.0151716 nanometers or 4.00×10-8 m 20.0075858 nanometers or 2.00×10-8 m 1.00037929×10-8 meters or 10 nanometers 5.00189644×10-9 meters 2.50094822 nanometers or 2.50094822×10-9 m 1.25474112 nanometers or 1.25×10-9 m .625237056 nanometers or 6.25237056×10-10 m .312618528 nanometers or 3.12×10-10 m .156309264 nanometers or 1.563×10-10 m 7.81546348×10-11 m |
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80−19 79−20 78−20 77−20 76−21 75−21 74−21 73−21 72−22 71−22 |
1.30356075568 × 10−19 seconds 6.5178037784 × 10−20 seconds 3.2589018892 × 10−20 seconds 1.6294509446 × 10−20 seconds 8.147254723 × 10−21 seconds 4.0736273615 × 10−21 seconds 2.03681368075 × 10−21 seconds 1.01840684038 × 10−21 seconds 5.09203420188 × 10−22 seconds 2.54601710094 × 10−22 seconds |
3.90773174×10-11 m 1.95386587×10-11 m 9.76932936×10-12 m 4.88466468×10-12 m 2.44233234×10-12 m 1.22116617×10-12 m 6.10583084×10-13 m 3.05291542×10-13 m 1.52645771×10-13 m 7.63228856×10-14 m |
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70−22 69−23 68−23 67−23 66−24 65−24 64−24 63−25 62−25 61−25 |
1.27300855047 × 10−22 seconds 6.36504275236 × 10−23 seconds 3.18252137618 × 10−23 seconds 1.59126068809 × 10−23 seconds 7.95630344044 × 10−24 seconds 3.97815172022 × 10−24 seconds 1.98907586011 × 10−24 seconds 9.94537930056 × 10−25 seconds 4.97268965028 × 10−25 seconds 2.48634482514 × 10−25 seconds |
3.81614428×10-14 m 1.90807214×10-14 m 9.54036072×10-15 m 4.77018036×10-15 m 2.38509018×10-15 m 1.19254509×10-15 m 5.96272544×10-16 m 2.98136272×10-16 m 1.49068136×10-16 m 7.45340678×10-17 m |
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60−25 59−26 58−26 57−26 56−27 55−27 54−27 53−28 52−28 51−28 |
1.24317241257 × 10−25 seconds 6.21586206284 × 10−26 seconds 3.10793103142 × 10−26 seconds 1.55396551571 × 10−26 seconds 7.76982757856 × 10−27 seconds 3.88491378928 × 10−27 seconds 1.94245689464 × 10−27 seconds 9.7122844732 × 10−28 seconds 4.8561422366 × 10−28 seconds 2.4280711183 × 10−28 seconds |
3.72670339×10-17 m 1.86335169×10-17 m 9.31675848×10-18 m 4.65837924×10-18 m 2.32918962×10-18 m 1.16459481×10-18 m 5.82297404×10-19 m 2.91148702×10-19 m 1.45574351×10-19 m 7.27871756×10-20 m |
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50−28 49−29 48−29 47−29 46−30 45−30 44−30 43−31 42−31 41−31 |
1.21403555915 × 10−28 seconds 6.07017779576 × 10−29 seconds 3.03508889788 × 10−29 seconds 1.51754444894 × 10−29 seconds 7.58772224468 × 10−30 seconds 3.79386112234 × 10−30 seconds 1.89693056117 × 10−30 seconds 9.48465280584 × 10−31 seconds 4.74232640292 × 10−31 seconds 2.37116320146 × 10−31 seconds |
3.63935878×10-20 m 1.81967939×10-20 m 9.09839696×10-21 m 4.54919848×10-21 m 2.27459924×10-21 m 1.13729962×10-21 m 5.68649812×10-22 m 2.84324906×10-22 m 1.42162453×10-22 m 7.10812264×10-23 m |
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40−31 39−32 38−32 37−32 36−33 35−33 34−33 33−34 32−34 31−34 |
1.18558160073 × 10−31 seconds 5.92790800364 × 10−32 seconds 2.96395400182 × 10−32 seconds 1.48197700091 × 10−32 seconds 7.40988500456 × 10−33 seconds 3.70494250228 × 10−33 seconds 1.85247125114 × 10−33 seconds 9.26235625568 × 10−34 seconds 4.63117812784× 10−34 seconds 1.15779453196× 10−34 seconds |
3.55406132×10-23 m 1.77703066×10-23 m 8.88515328×10-24 m 4.44257664×10-24 m 2.22128832×10-24 m 1.11064416×10-24 m 5.5532208×10-25 m 2.7766104×10-25 m 1.3883052×10-25 m 6.94152599×10-26 m 3.47076299×10-26 m |
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30−35 29−35 28−35 27−36 26−36 25−36 24−37 23−37 22−37 21−37 |
5.78897265978 × 10−35 seconds 2.89448632989 × 10−35 seconds 1.44724316494 × 10−35 seconds 7.23621582472 × 10-36 seconds 3.61810791236 × 10−36 seconds 1.80905395618 × 10−36 seconds 9.045269781089 × 10−37 seconds 4.522263489044 × 10−37 seconds 2.26131744522 × 10−37 seconds 1.13065872261 × 10−37 seconds |
1.735381494×10-26 m 8.67690749×10-27 m 4.3384537×10-27 m 2.16922687×10-27 m 1.0846134×10-27 m 5.42306718×10-28 m 2.711533591×10-28 m 1.35576679×10-28 m 6.77883397×10-29 m 3.38941698×10-29 m |
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20−38 19−38 18−38 17−38 16−39 15−39 14−40 13−40 12−40 11−40 |
5.65329361306 × 10−38 seconds 2.82646806528 ×10−38 seconds 1.41323403264 ×10−38 seconds 7.0661701632 × 10−39 seconds 3.530850816 × 10−39 seconds 1.7665425408 × 10−39 seconds 8.832712704 × 10−40 seconds 4.416356352 × 10−40 seconds 2.208178176 × 10−40 seconds 1.104089088 × 10−40 seconds |
1.69470849×10-29 m 8.47354247×10-30 m 4.2367712×10-30 m 2.11838561×10-30 m 1.05919280×10-30 m 5.29596404×10-31 m 2.64798202×10-31 m 1.32399101×10-31 m 6.6199550×10-32 m 3.30997752×10-32 m |
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10−40 9−41 8−41 7−41 6−42 5−42 4−42 3−43 2−43 1−43 |
5.52044544 × 10−41 seconds 2.76022272 × 10−41 seconds 1.38011136 × 10−41 seconds 6.9005568 × 10−42 seconds 3.4502784 × 10−42 seconds 1.7251392 × 10−42 seconds 8.625696 × 10−43 seconds 4.312848 × 10−43 seconds 2.156424 × 10−43 s The second doubling 1.078212 × 10−43 s The first doubling |
1.65498876×10-32 m
8.27494384×10-33 m 4.1374719232×10-33 m 2.0687359616×10-33 m 1.03436798×10-33 m 5.17183990×10-34 m 2.58591995×10-34 m 1.29295997×10-34 m 6.46479988×10-35 meters 3.23239994×10-35 m The first doubling, step, or layer. |
| 5.39106(32)×10−44 seconds | 1.616199(97)x10-35 meters |
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The Planck Time |
The Planck Length |
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Endnotes: 1. We are in the process of refining this chart and will be throughout 2015 and 2016. 2. Our very first calculation with the Planck Length column (December 2011), resulted in 209 doublings! We found several errors. Then , with help of a NASA astrophysicist, Joe Kolecki (now retired), we updated our postings with his calculation of 202.34. Then, a French Observatory astrophysicist, Jean-Pierre Luminet, calculated 205.1 doublings. We are very open to all ideas and efforts! We are studying the foundations of foundations. One might call it a hypostatic science based on the simplest mathematics, simple geometries and observations about the way the universe coheres. One might say, “The Finite is finite, the Infinite is the Infinite, and the constants and universals describe the boundary conditions and transformations between each. One manifests a panoply of perfections; the other has only momentary instants of perfection.” What happens just before the Planck time at 10-44 seconds? Theorists say that all of the four fundamental forces are presumed to have been unified into one force. All matter, energy, space and time “explode” from the original singularity. 3. Our online “Google” calculator often rounds up the last digit. It is usually beyond the eleventh postion to the right of the decimal point. 4. For more about this place and time, go to Hyperphysics (Georgia State): http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/astro/planck.html 5. A copy of this chart has also been published in the following locations: a. https://walktheplanck.wordpress.com/2014/12/09/base/ b. http://utable.wordpress.com/2014/12/12/planck/ c. http://SmallBusinessSchool.org/page3053.html d. ResearchGate Documents: 3052, 3054, 3056 |
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Walk the Planck! 